Treatment of Dependency and Drug Addiction Effect among Teenagers

Addiction is a complete reliance on something or a substance. Drug abuse was the most widely discussed and studied among adolescents in particular. Young people are at risk of opioid abuse, which may contribute to long-term drug addiction. Addiction can have many consequences, such as depression, lack of school commitment, stress, mental disorders, and death can be induced by chronic addiction. In 2015, Kurt conducted a study to investigate the causes of increased recorded suicide cases among college teenagers and found that opioid abuse is directly correlated with suicide deaths. Drug dependency is associated with stress-related illnesses that may prompt a young person to commit suicide. Addiction has been studied in neuroscience because it has been found to affect an important part of the brain. Addiction can influence the biological basis of behavior, and thus many researchers are working to establish effective ways of treating drug addiction. For example, Emma and Howard study in 2015 that involved a sample population of 3940 participants concluded that the only sure method of dealing with stigmatization and depression is through coming up with interventions that are aimed at treating drug addiction and mental illnesses.

The specific objectives of this proposal are to analyze the effects of drug addiction in teenagers on the research program with the participants followed longitudinally who are already in the process of drug addiction. Recent studies on young people and especially the school going children has suggested significant effects of drug addiction such as increased suicide cases and depression. The brain is the central organ that controls all the activities of the body including thinking. Thus, a suppressed neuron tissue may not functionally efficiently under the influence of the drug. Therefore, the affected may be forced to do actions that do not characterize a proper function brain such as committing suicide.

The proposal is also aimed at providing a proper budget for the proposed research. The funding is sought to cater for the direct and indirect costs of the project. For personnel, a graduate research assistant working for 20 hours in a week for 12 months will earn $25,000. This is money for salary, fringe benefits, and tuition. The principal investigator will be almost 10 percent of the allocated budget per annum. Buying of equipment such as computers and video recorders will be approximate $5,000. Miscellaneous expenses will go up to $1000. About 38 percent of the entire total grant will go to the indirect expenses to cater for operating costs. Therefore, it is evident that with a grant offer of $60,000 the research program can be successful.

Annotated Bibliography

Emma, M., & Howard, G.(2015). Portraying mental illness and drug addiction as treatable health conditions: Effects of a randomized experiment on stigma and discrimination. Social Science & Medicine, 73-86.

This journal provided a research done to determine the interventions that should be carried out to reduce stigmatization and depression among the young people. They researchers concluded that dealing with drug abuse and treatment of mental illnesses can be a certain method.

Friedmann, P., & Hendrickson, J. (2004). The effect of matching comprehensive services to patients' needs on drug use improvement in addiction treatment. Addiction, 962-972.

The cohort study established that it is important to match the need-service in treatment for addiction. It concluded that matching the services to the needs of the patient is a useful method of treating addiction.

Jacqueline, B., & Jane, T. (2015). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and addiction: Pathological versus therapeutic effects on drug seeking. Brain Research, 68-81.

The study sought to explain that drugs can causes changes in the brain neurotrophic factor that can be associated with the urge of the drug. The efforts to stop the use of the drug can lead to withdrawal symptoms associated with changes in the neural functioning.

James, S., & Jim, B. (2004). Termination of Supplemental Security Income Benefits for Drug Addiction and Alcoholism: Results of a Longitudinal Study of the Effects on Former Beneficiaries. Social Service Review, 96-124.

The journal reviews the results of a cohort study to evaluate the effects of withdrawing benefits for drug addicts. The report established that terminating the supplemental benefits led to emergence of other medical illnesses.

Jolene, S. (2012). Use of Mutual Support to Counteract the Effects of Socially Constructed Stigma: Gender and Drug Addiction. Journal of Groups in Addiction & Recovery, 237-252.

The article reviews about the role stigma play in women drug addicts. Though women have been accorded reproductive functions, they are easily affected by stigma than their male counterparts.

Kurt, G. (2015). Suicide Risk in College Students: The Effects of Internet Addiction and Drug Use. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 15(4), 841-848.

The study was facilitated using university students to establish the rate of suicide deaths among them. It concluded that most drug addicts often became stigmatized and depressed resulting in suicide.

Melo, A., & Taveras, I. (2015). Can the dopaminergic-related effects of general anesthetics be linked to mechanisms involved in drug abuse and addiction? Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 822-829.

Drug abuse and addiction are related to the general effects of the dopaminergic neurons of the brain. Addiction is caused by the suppression of these cells that the body is put into a want it cannot live without.

Rickard, A., & Ole, B. (2016). Auricular Acupuncture for substance use: A randomized controlled trial of effects on anxiety, sleep, drug use and use of addiction treatment services. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 24.

The study was done to investigate the treatment for addiction. It was established that auricular acupuncture could be employed effectively to treat the brain disorders.

Roberta, F. (2015). Reward-system effect and 'left hemispheric unbalance': A comparison between drug addiction and high-BAS healthy subjects on gambling behavior. Neuropsychological Trends, 37-45.

Robert's study established that there was a resemblance between drug addiction and gambling behavior because of the two biological actions are caused by interference with the brain.

Theresa, K., & Richard, S. ( 2012). Effect of quality chronic disease management for alcohol and drug dependence on addiction outcomes. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 389-396.

Theresa and Richard provided the need to manage chronic diseases so as to reduce the outcomes of drug addiction effectively. Addiction together with a chronic brain illness can cause the dangerous effect to the affected.

References

Emma, M., & Howard, G. (2015). Portraying mental illness and drug addiction as treatable health conditions: Effects of a randomized experiment on stigma and discrimination. Social Science & Medicine, 73-86.

Friedmann, P., & Hendrickson, J. (2004). The effect of matching comprehensive services to patients' needs on drug use improvement in addiction treatment. Addiction, 962-972.

Jacqueline, B., & Jane, T. (2015). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and addiction: Pathological versus therapeutic effects on drug seeking. Brain Research, 68-81.

James, S., & Jim, B. (2004). Termination of Supplemental Security Income Benefits for Drug Addiction and Alcoholism: Results of a Longitudinal Study of the Effects on Former Beneficiaries. Social Service Review, 96-124.

Jolene, S. (2012). Use of Mutual Support to Counteract the Effects of Socially Constructed Stigma: Gender and Drug Addiction. Journal of Groups in Addiction & Recovery, 237-252.

Kurt, G. (2015). Suicide Risk in College Students: The Effects of Internet Addiction and Drug Use. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 15(4), 841-848.

Melo, A., & Taveras, I. (2015). Can the dopaminergic-related effects of general anesthetics be linked to mechanisms involved in drug abuse and addiction? Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 822-829.

Rickard, A., & Ole, B. (2016). Auricular Acupuncture for substance use: A randomized controlled trial of effects on anxiety, sleep, drug use and use of addiction treatment services. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 24.

Roberta, F. (2015). Reward-system effect and 'left hemispheric unbalance': A comparison between drug addiction and high-BAS healthy subjects on gambling behavior. Neuropsychological Trends, 37-45.

Theresa, K., & Richard, S. ( 2012). Effect of quality chronic disease management for alcohol and drug dependence on addiction outcomes. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 389-396.