Nursing Management of Hypovolemic and Cardiogenic Shock

Hypovolemic

Hypovolemic is a type of emergency condition where severe fluid and blood loss renders the heart incapable of pumping sufficient blood to the entire body. The hypovolemic nursing management entails increasing or maintaining the intravascular volume of blood of the victim. Immediately, the control of bleeding as well as the restoration of the blood volume of the victim is done by offering infusions of the balanced solution of salt. Hypovemia as a result of diarrhea, vomiting or burns is treated by infusing electrolyte solutions so as to balance the lost fluid (Critical Care Medicine, 2016).

Cardiogenic Shock

Cardiogenic shock, on the other hand, is a condition in which there is complete damage to the heart, making it incapable of supplying enough blood to the entire body. The nursing management of cardiogenic shock aims at re-establishing the circulation of blood to the myocardium, thereby minimizing the damage to the heart muscle as well as improving the effectiveness of the heart. Oxygen is administered in order to lower the heart's workload by reducing the demands of the tissues for blood flow. Also, cardiac drugs can be administered. The pumping action of the heart can be improved via medication like dobutamine, dopamine, amrinone, epinephrine, or norepinephrine (Critical Care Medicine, 2016).

Heart Failure Nursing Management

Heart failure nursing management comprises of both non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions. In regard to pharmacological, diuretics are employed in relieving symptoms of oedema and dyspnoea and are either titrated upwards or downwards as per the response. Non-pharmacological interventions are meant to improve management of heart failure and it comprises of exercise, lifestyle advice and education (Cleland, 2015). The lifestyle modifications teaching plan is the priority teaching intervention that can be offered to a patient who has been newly diagnosed with heart failure. This plan will entail teaching the patient to comprehend the necessary lifestyle changes while living with the disease.

References

Cleland, J. (2015). Managing Heart Failure. Cham: Springer International Publishing AG.

Critical Care Medicine. (2016).