Defining Data communication

Data Communication

Data communication employs multiple technologies with the express goal of enabling electronic communication between various sites. Data communication technologies include computer networking, satellite communication, and telecommunication. Wireless signals, copper lines, and fiber optic cables are all used for data communication.

Transmission Process

Data sent across a communication channel has a source and a destination. In rare cases, data transmitted from a single source may be distributed to several recipients. Data bits are used to represent data during the transmission process. A byte is a single information unit made up of eight bits. Bytes are also grouped to build more sophisticated information units. The grouping facilitates transmission of data through complex communication networks. The source where the message originates is the transmitter while the final receiving point is the receiver. In some communication channels, the direction of transmission never shifts; such communication mediums are called simplex channels. An example of a simplex channel is a radio station transmission channel because it only allows one-way communication. In other channels, the data is transmitted in two opposing directions, but not simultaneously. Such transmission mediums are half duplex channels. However, a full duplex system allows simultaneous flow of information, for instance, communication on a mobile phone.

Privacy and Security

Privacy is a major issue in data communication. Third parties can intercept data along the transmission channel without the knowledge of the owners. As a safety measure, there is a scrambling of data in such a way that the interceptor cannot decipher anything from the information. This is known as data encryption. The receiver station has a decoder that helps to decrypt the information. Local Area Networks and other data communication channels cover vast geographical regions, as such, signals are susceptible to noise and power surges which may affect communication.

Data Communication in Personal and Professional Life

Data communication is essential at both personal and professional levels. Methods like emails allow employees within an organization to communicate without any trouble. Organizations can also create central data centers where employees can gain access to information. At a personal level, it enables us to communicate with friends and family.