Immigration policy, border security, and migrant deaths

This study's methodological approach is non-experimental. The researcher interpreted the data as they were collected, without altering any of the data. The researcher analyzed data that came from various sources.

Only primary data were used in the research. Quantitative information, such as population size and refugee mortality rates, is the type of data that is used. Therefore, the quantitative statistics were used in the study's analysis. Sampling procedure employed

The researcher was interested in the agencies put in place to assist in the death rates of the immigrants in the United States from Mexico. The sampling procedure used was, therefore, the cluster sampling as the institutions with the mandate in the immigration department was selected.

Dependent variable of the study

The study depended on the statistics gathered from various sources and that the conclusion was made as one. The research aim was based on the independent variable which is the death rates of the immigrants from Mexico. In this study, therefore, the dependent variable will be the variation in data from the multiple sources used.

Key findings of the study

The key result of the research is that, no general reduction concerning the rate at which the migrant population is dying since the time the border safety initiative begun its operations. Secondly, major programs like the BORSTAR and the LRP of 2003 were found to be the most efficient agencies in the prevention of migrant deaths.

Limitations of the study

Immigrants are people whose data is not always kept in the host nation. This is the genesis of one of the major limitation of the research. The lack of scientifically documented chains of migrant death statistics makes the overall conclusion incomplete. The research was also trying to examine the impact of BSI program, and therefore, the lack of systematically recorded data limits the conclusion of the research. The validity of the data used in the study is also a limitation as there may be a possibility that some of the data of immigrant deaths were not properly documented.

Article 2

Kovandzic, T. V., Sloan III, J. J., & Vieraitis, L. M. (2004). “Striking out” as crime reduction policy: The impact of “three strikes” laws on crime rates in US cities. Justice Quarterly, 21(2), 207-239.

Research design used

The authors employed the quasi-experimental research strategy in which the assessment of the impacts of the criminal justice system was assessed. The methodology adopted was the multiple time series designs. The quasi-experimental research design lacks the key ingredient random assignment.

Type of data used to construct the analysis

The kind of information used in the complete research in coming up with the conclusion is the quantitative data. The crime rates were examined regarding numbers and that the conclusion was tabulated.

Sampling procedure employed

The sampling process in the study was purposive as the cities that were majorly affected by the three strike laws were identified and used in the study.

Dependent variable of the study

The dependent variable in the research was the extent at which the three laws impacted on the population.

Key findings of the study

The background of the research has it that the United States has been experiencing most of the strikes and that, the objective of the study was to examine the bearing of the strike laws concerning crime rates in the U.S.A. The key results of the research were that the three strike laws enacted in the United States throughout the 1990s are positively associated with the rate of homicides in the cities of the three strike states. The research also concluded that the urban centers in the three striking States witnessed no significant reduction in crime rates.

Limitations of the study

The major limitation of the study was the validity and the dependability of the data collected. The data is subject to manipulation as well as the exaggeration, and therefore, the conclusion of the study is limited. The research was only limited to the city population and the data concerning the selected cities.

Article 3

D'Alessio, S. J., Stolzenberg, L., & Terry III, W. C. (1999). “Eyes on the Street”: The Impact of Tennessee's Emergency Cellular Telephone Program on Alcohol-Related Fatal Crashes. NCCD news, 45(4), 453-466.

Research design used

The investigation design employed by the authors is the quasi-experimental strategy with more emphasis on the multiple-time series research strategy. In this research design, the authors took some periodic measurements from an experimental group together with the control group. The researchers made a comparison between the series of observations made over a period of time with the projection to be impacted by a control sequence and an intervention probable to be affected as well.

Type of data used to construct the analysis

The statistics of study were obtained from the FARS which is a record with data on all deadly crashes. The type of data used was both qualitative and quantitative. In quantitative data, the researcher used a time frame of one month and analyzed the number of fatal crashes on the highways.

Sampling procedure employed

Purposive sampling is a technique in which the researcher uses their expertise to judge and select a particular element to be employed in the study. In this case, the researchers chose one state as a representative of the entire states.

Dependent variable of the study

The research had a pair of dependent variables. Firstly, the fatal highway crashes related to alcoholism had to be operationalized regarding a monthly calculation of all the accidents that were fatal in the selected state. The second dependent variable in the study was that fatal crashes that occurred on other roads apart from the highways were measured in monthly percentage of all fatal crashes that took place in the public roads comprising a single vehicle.

Key findings of the study

The core finding of the study is that an implementation of the crisis cellular telephone strategy or program led to the reduction of monthly rates of alcohol associated deadly crashes.

Limitations of the study

The major limitation of the study was the generalizability of results. The research only focused on one state. The findings of the study need to be replicated with other information sets so as to provide a sweeping conclusion. Also, the validity and trustworthiness of the research instruments is the limitation of the study.

References

D'Alessio, S. J., Stolzenberg, L., & Terry III, W. C. (1999). “Eyes on the Street”: The Impact of Tennessee's Emergency Cellular Telephone Program on Alcohol-Related Fatal Crashes. NCCD news, 45(4), 453-466.

Guerette, R. T. (2007). Immigration policy, border security, and migrant deaths: an impact evaluation of life‐saving efforts under the border safety initiative. Criminology & public policy, 6(2), 245-266.

Kovandzic, T. V., Sloan III, J. J., & Vieraitis, L. M. (2004). “Striking out” as crime reduction policy: The impact of “three strikes” laws on crime rates in US cities. Justice Quarterly, 21(2), 207-239.