BSN degree

Azusa Pacific University and Research Experience

Azusa Pacific University awarded me a BSN degree. I took a research methodology course as an undergraduate. The course provided me with a stepping stone through which I learned about numerous research approaches such as data gathering and analysis of the gathered data or information. I also received information and skills from the course about conducting research in phases and the impact of the stages on the findings and results. I was involved in two research initiatives from the beginning. I participated in the first study as a study participant, and the second study as a data collector and data analyst. Both of the research were based on different sectors and sections of nursing. Currently, I am practicing in the long-term care as my clinical area. In the long-term area, I am practicing in the position of a registered nurse. My target is based on excelling to the post of a unit director.

Research Problem

Urinary tract infection frequently reoccurs among the older people. However, it is so unfortunate that urinary tract infections are overdiagnosed and overtreated regarding the non-specific clinical symptoms and signs (Nicolle, 2008). Urinalysis is usually used to identify the contamination. However, its usage is inadequate. Urinary tract infection occurs in both the community as well as the long-term sceneries. The variety of urinary tract infection among the older population varies from several infection. In most cases, the diagnosis of urinary tract infection occurs in the lack of representative clinical account as well as the underlying signs (Hooton et al. 2010). The case leads to increasing cases of the disease among the old people, as the illness is not treated as the right time to avoid his big spread and occurrence. Urinary tract infections have substantial negative physical as well as psychological effects. It is, therefore, a main load on the healthcare scheme as they have less equipment and best treatment methods of reducing the disease among the old people. Despite the invention and innovation of various treatment approaches treatment of urinary tract infection disease remains a bigger challenge and becomes so complex to the clinical health providers. There is less clarity concerning the techniques and best practices that people infected with the disease could use to reduce the increasing rate among the population.

The Reoccurrence of Urinary Tract Infection

The reoccurrence of urinary tract infection disease is attributed to the growing frequency of predisposing of both anatomic and pathophysiologic factors. The infection complicates the use of urinary catheters. Older people with more types of urinary tract pathogens are of a higher ratio in comparison to the young generation. Several factors are associated with the development of urinary tract infection, but no research have implemented and developed the best practices, which might reduce the spread of urinary tract infection (Hooton et al. 2010). The issue of menopause age, dehydration and increased age comprises the risk factors that accelerates the spread of the disease among the older population. The existence of urinary tract infection causes several effects in the body of a human being in the most case, the women. The effects depend on the location as well as the brutality of the infection in the body. Urinary tract infection in the inferior urinary tract presents limited infections. The effects include burning with urination accompanied with pain; many buy hesitant urination and presence of blood in the urine. However, if the disease attacks the upper urinary tract, the infections worse (Nicolle, 2008). The effects are generalized in this case in the form of fever, nausea, and vomiting as well as back and abdominal pain. If the disease is treated promptly, the result complications reduce unlike when the treatment delays. Due to the various problems associated with the topic, there is need to come up with best practices that will adequately reduce the cases of the disease among the old generation.

Literature Search

Database

Search terms used/Filters

Number of results

CINAHL

Urinary tract infection in the title

32

CINAHL

Urinary tract infection in the abstract

450

CINAHL

Urinary tract infection in all texts

10,000

CINAHL

Urinary tract infection in the full-text articles

15

CINAHL

Limit to full-text articles

8

Summary

Urinary tract infection is becoming problematic and disturbing among the older population and the clinical health care assistance. It causes several effects to the patients both long-term and short-term effects. However, with timely treatment, the resultant effects are minimized and making the treatment easier. Despite the fact that it rarely leads and causes deaths, urinary tract infection is dangerous as it can cause tremendous damages to the urinary tract. Most of the investigations based on urinary tract infections rarely have their basis on investigating best practices that the management need to implement to reduces the effects of urinary tract infection among the older adults.

Reducing the Occurrence of Urinary Tract Infection

Urinary tract infections are always self-limiting causing propensity of reoccurrence among most adults. The article intends to find out the processes and methods in which clinical health practitioners can reduce the occurrence of urinary tract infection among the old population by reducing the rate at which the old people consume antibiotics (Foxman, 2010). It acts as the critical strategy for reducing and managing urinary tract infection. In conducting the study, the research involved the use of old people between the ages of 45-60 years.

The research uses the clinical methods to test the population of the capacity and existence of the infection and find out the rate of taking antibiotics. Results indicate that decrease in the usage of antibiotics relatively reduces the degree of urinary tract infection among the old population (Foxman, 2010). However, the greatest limit was on finding a drug that could replace the antibiotics in the market for the efficient functioning of the health care systems. Therefore, people with frequent occurrence of urinary tract infection should refrain from using antibiotics. There were no theoretical frameworks employed in the research.

Treatment and Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infections

The treatment and diagnostic methods are becoming problematic while dealing with urinary tract infections. The paper advocates at finding a narrowing in down the spectrum of advocating for best ways of improving the treatment and diagnosis processes (Beveridge et al. 2011). There is need to update the guidelines that are used in the course of dealing with the disease as a central process of decreasing the occurrence of the infections.

The research used secondary methods of data collection to collect relevant information based on the topic. The study design was based on fitting the old people who were the main target of the item in most cases to the women. The population was old people of the age 55-70 years. The research found several factors to influence the increasing rate of urinary tract infection among the elderly population (Beveridge et al. 2011). The clinical officers need to adopt adequate and efficient diagnostic procedures that will reduce the cases of the infection. The clinical officers were forced to visit homes to get the target population, which was tiresome leading a longer period of the research. Therefore, critically undertaking treatment of the infection among the old population will help in reducing the cases. There were no theoretical frameworks used in the article.

Reference

Beveridge, L. A., Davey, P. G., Phillips, G., & McMurdo, M. E. (2011). Optimal management of urinary tract infections in older people. Clin Interv Aging, 6, 173-180. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3131987/

Foxman, B. (2010). The epidemiology of urinary tract infection. Nature Reviews Urology, 7(12), 653-660. http://www.nature.com/nrurol/journal/v7/n12/abs/nrurol.2010.190.html

Hooton, T. M., Bradley, S. F., Cardenas, D. D., Colgan, R., Geerlings, S. E., Rice, J. C., ... & Nicolle, L. E. (2010). Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of catheter-associated urinary tract infection in adults: 2009 International Clinical Practice Guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical infectious diseases, 50(5), 625-663.

Nicolle, L. E. (2008). Uncomplicated urinary tract infection in adults including uncomplicated pyelonephritis. Urologic Clinics of North America, 35(1), 1-12.